@book {1546726, title = {Tel Miqne-Ekron Excavations 1994{\textendash}1996, Field IV Upper and Field V: The Elite Zone, Part 1: Iron Age IIC Temple Complex 650}, year = {2022}, pages = {343}, publisher = {Eisenbrauns}, organization = {Eisenbrauns}, address = {University Park, PA}, url = {https://hmane.harvard.edu/sites/hwpi.harvard.edu/files/semitic/files/miqneekron_10-1_digital.pdf?m=1700583696}, author = {Seymour Gitin and Steven M. Ortiz and Trude Dothan} } @book {1453041, title = {Tel Miqne-Ekron Excavations 1994{\textendash}1996, Field IV Upper and Field V, The Elite Zone Part 2: Iron Age IIC Temple Complex 650 Sections, Plans and Database}, year = {2022}, publisher = {Eisenbrauns}, organization = {Eisenbrauns}, address = {University Park, PA}, url = {https://hmane.harvard.edu/sites/hwpi.harvard.edu/files/semitic/files/miqne10-2.pdf?m=1666629227}, author = {Steven M. Ortiz and Seymour Gitin and Trude Dothan} } @book {1448070, title = {Ashkelon 9: The Hellenistic Period}, year = {2022}, pages = {568}, publisher = {Eisenbrauns}, organization = {Eisenbrauns}, address = {University Park, PA}, url = {https://www.eisenbrauns.org/books/series/book_SeriesAshkelon.html}, author = {Kathleen J. Birney} } @book {1448067, title = {Tel Miqne-Ekron Excavations 1994{\textendash}1996, Field IV Upper and Field V, The Elite Zone Part 1: Iron Age IIC Temple Complex 650}, year = {2022}, publisher = {Eisenbrauns}, organization = {Eisenbrauns}, address = {University Park, PA}, abstract = {Tel Miqne-Ekron is one of the largest and most significant Iron Age archaeological sites in Israel. Based on fourteen seasons of excavations, this volume in the Tel Miqne series documents remarkable finds from the late Iron Age II Philistine temple.

Immediately before its destruction at the hands of the Neo-Babylonians, the biblical city of Ekron had reached its zenith as a vassal of the Neo-Assyrian empire. The remains from Temple Complex 650 mirror Ekron{\textquoteright}s wealth and position at the crossroads between Neo-Assyrian, Phoenician, and Philistine cultural traditions. This archaeological report contains stratigraphic analyses; a discussion of the temple{\textquoteright}s architectural features; analyses of small finds, including a remarkable trove of ivory objects; comprehensive documentation, including quantification analyses of the vast ceramic assemblage; and, importantly, a discussion of the Ekron Royal Dedicatory Inscription, considered one of Israel{\textquoteright}s most noteworthy archaeological finds of the twentieth century.\ Together with the evidence from the other fields of excavation,\ Tel Miqne-Ekron 10/1\ establishes the basis for defining Ekron as the type-site for Philistia in the Iron Age II.

An essential resource for archaeologists, biblical scholars, and historians specializing in the ancient Near East,\ Tel\ Miqne-Ekron\ 10/1\ is of vital importance for reconstructing the history of the Southern Levant in the Iron Age.

In addition to the coauthors, the contributors include Eleanor F. Beach, David Ben-Shlomo, Baruch Brandl, Jeffrey R. Chadwick, Alexandra S. Drenka, Adi Erlich, Amir Golani, Edward F. Maher, Ianir Milevski, Alla Rabinovich, Christa Sch{\v S}fer-Lichtenberger, and Anna de Vincenz.

}, url = {https://www.eisenbrauns.org/books/titles/978-1-64602-217-5.html}, author = {Seymour Gitin and Steven M. Ortiz and Trude Dothan} } @book {1393889, title = {Scribal Education in the Sargonic Period}, year = {2021}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Series 67

}, abstract = {

An in-depth analysis of the process of education for scribes during the period of Sargonic hegemony in ancient Mesopotamia (c. 2335-2150 BCE). The book provides a holistic study of the topic, addressing the technology of writing, the school texts used in education, the languages of instruction, and the social and historical context of scribal life and an education in cuneiform writing. The topic of scribal education at such an early period of Mesopotamian history has never been addressed at length before. Nicholas Kraus convincingly argues that scribal education during the Sargonic period was closely tied to the administrative institutions of the Sargonic Empire and prepared a scribe to become an effective administrator.

}, url = {https://brill.com/view/title/56860}, author = {Nicholas L. Kraus} } @book {1394547, title = {Ashkelon 7: The Iron Age I.}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon continues its final report series with a study of the Iron Age I. Following the dramatic collapse of the Mediterranean world at the end of the Bronze Age, new groups emerged across the Levantine littoral. One of those groups was the Philistines, famous archenemies of the Israelites in the Hebrew Bible. This volume shows how Ashkelon became a Philistine city. The volume presents evidence for the arrival of a new group from the West that changed fundamental patterns of life. Ceramics shapes, architectural patterns, foodways, industrial technology, decorative traditions, and forms of writing are all explored in this volume, and each of these forms of evidence shows how the newly arrived Philistines first responded to the Levantine world around them. After settling in the seaport of Ashkelon, the Philistines continued to trade internationally, as was typical of earlier inhabitants of the city, and their ongoing maritime connections provide additional insight into the economy of the Mediterranean in the twelfth and eleventh centuries B.C. This volume represents the culmination of more than thirty years of archaeological research into questions of Philistine culture, bringing together research from more than thirty scholars covering all aspects of ancient life in Ashkelon during the Iron Age I.

}, url = {https://www.eisenbrauns.org/books/series/book_SeriesAshkelon.html}, author = {Stager, L.E. and Master, D.M. and Aja, A.J.} } @book {1394542, title = {Byblos in the Late Bronze Age: Interactions between the Levantine and Egyptian Worlds}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

In Byblos in the Late Bronze Age, Marwan Kilani reconstructs the {\textquotedblleft}biography{\textquotedblright} of the city of Byblos during the Late Bronze Age. Commonly described simply as a centre for the trade of wood, the city appears here as a dynamic actor involved in multiple aspects of the regional geopolitical reality. By combining the information provided by written sources and by a fresh reanalysis of the archaeological evidence, the author explores the development of the city during the Late Bronze Age, showing how the evolution of a wide range of geopolitical, economic and ideological factors resulted in periods of prosperity and declin

}, url = {https://brill.com/view/title/39267}, author = {Kilani M.} } @book {1394541, title = {The Politics of Ritual Change. The zukru Festival in the Political History of Late Bronze Age Emar.}, year = {2020}, edition = {2020}, abstract = {

In The Politics of Ritual Change: The zukru Festival in the Political History of Late Bronze Age Emar, John Thames explores the intersection of ritual and politics in ancient Syria. The cuneiform texts describing an elaborate festival called zukru invite the reader to consider the development of the ritual as a result of political influence. This book suggests a new understanding of the relationship between the Hittite Empire and the city of Emar that is best observed through religious texts.

}, url = {https://brill.com/view/title/39264}, author = {Thames JT Jr.} } @book {1394540, title = {Mighty Baal: Essays in Honor of Mark S. Smith.}, year = {2020}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies

}, abstract = {

The first edited collection devoted to the study of the ancient Near Eastern god Baal. Although the Bible depicts Baal as powerless, the combined archaeological, iconographic, and literary evidence makes it clear that Baal was worshipped throughout the Levant as a god whose powers rivalled any deity. Mighty Baal brings together eleven essays written by scholars working in North America, Europe, and Israel. Essays in part one focus on the main collection of Ugaritic tablets describing Baal{\textquoteright}s exploits, the Baal Cycle. Essays in part two treat Baal{\textquoteright}s relationships to other deities. Together, the essays offer a rich portrait of Baal and his cult from a variety of methodological perspectives.

}, url = {https://brill.com/view/title/57258}, author = {Russell SC and Hamori EJ} } @book {1393896, title = {Essays on Babylonian and Biblical literature and Religion}, year = {2020}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies

}, url = {https://brill.com/view/title/39262}, author = {I. Tzvi Abusch} } @book {1394544, title = {Ashkelon 8: The Islamic and Crusader Period}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

This eighth installment in the series of Final Reports of The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon presents a synthetic study of the remains dating to the seventh through the twelfth centuries. Bringing together contributions from specialists on architecture, fortifications, ceramics, small finds, and organic remains, Ashkelon 8 opens a window onto everyday life during a period when Ashkelon was one of the most important cities in the southern Levant.

The first chapters survey the city{\textquoteright}s architecture and fortifications, including a detailed analysis of the history of Ashkelon{\textquoteright}s walls. The copiously illustrated chapters on ceramics cover both local and imported goods, including an unparalleled collection of Chinese ceramics. Essays on glass, metals, and coins shed light on the economy and trade practices, while the chapters on organic material provide valuable insight into the site and serve as a model for similar studies at Islamic- and Crusader-period sites throughout the\ Levant. Together these studies detail daily life, reconstruct vast trade networks, and illuminate cultural events previously known only from textual sources.

Based on thirty years of work in more than two dozen areas of excavation, Ashkelon 8 is an essential resource for scholars investigating the history and archaeology of the Islamic and Crusader periods in Ashkelon.

}, url = {https://www.eisenbrauns.org/books/series/book_SeriesAshkelon.html}, author = {Hoffman, T} } @book {1394543, title = {The Amorite Dynasty of Ugarit: Historical Implications of Linguistic and Archaeological Parallel.}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Brill}, organization = {Brill}, edition = {2020}, abstract = {

Mary Buck takes a new approach to the field of Amorite studies by considering whether the site of Ugarit shares close parallels with other sites and cultures known from the Bronze Age Levant. When viewed in conjunction, the archaeological and linguistic material uncovered in this study serves to enhance our understanding of the historical complexity and diversity of the Middle Bronze Age period of international relations at the site of Ugarit. With a deft hand, Dr. Buck pursues a nuanced view of populations in the Bronze Age Levant, with the objective of understanding the ancient polity of Ugarit as a kin-based culture that shares close ties with the Amorite populations of the Levant.

}, url = {https://brill.com/view/title/56136}, author = {Buck, Mary E.} } @book {1394557, title = {Ashkelon 6: The Middle Bronze Age Ramparts and Gates of the North Slope and Later Fortification}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon continues its final report series with a study of the fortifications of the North Slope. From the first gate and rampart in the Middle Bronze Age through mud-brick towers from the Iron Age, these defenses are evidence of how the seaport of Ashkelon was both a political force in the southern Levant and an economic power in the eastern Mediterranean. This volume includes the

monumental mud-brick gate of Ashkelon, the shrine of the silver calf, and towers from the time of the Philistines. Since each ancient fortification phase was also a massive earth-moving project, the detritus of the entire city found its way to the North Slope. Within the extensive fill, excavators uncovered indications of connections with Crete, Cyprus, Lebanon, and Egypt, while also collecting evidence of local Bronze Age agriculture and animal husbandry in an urban center.

An indispensable resource for scholars interested in the history of the Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean, Ashkelon 6 spans twenty-five chapters with more than 500 full-color pages and a number of foldout plans. The architecture, stratigraphy, pottery, and other finds are presented in detail, shedding new light on this important period in the history of ancient Canaan.

}, url = {https://www.eisenbrauns.org/books/series/book_SeriesAshkelon.html}, author = {Stager, LE and Schloen, JD and Voss, RJ} } @book {645246, title = {Sea Peoples of the Northern Levant: Aegean-Style Pottery from Early Iron Age Tell Tayinat}, year = {2017}, note = {

Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant (SAHL 7)

}, publisher = { Harvard Semitic Museum / Eisenbrauns}, organization = { Harvard Semitic Museum / Eisenbrauns}, abstract = {

Did an invasion of the Sea Peoples cause the collapse of the Late Bronze Age palace-based economies of the Levant, as well as of the Hittite Empire? Renewed excavations at Tell Tayinat in southeast Turkey are shedding new light on the critical transitional phase of the Late Bronze/Early Iron Age (ca. 1200{\textendash}1000 B.C.), a period that in the Northern Levant has until recently been considered a {\textquotedblleft}Dark Age,{\textquotedblright} due in large part to the few extant textual sources relating to its history. However, recently discovered epigraphic data from both the site and the surrounding region suggest the formation of an Early Iron Age kingdom that fused Hieroglyphic Luwian monumental script with a strong component of Aegeanizing cultural elements. The capital of this putative/erstwhile kingdom appears to have been located at Tell Tayinat in the Amuq Valley.

More specifically, this formal stylistic analysis examines a distinctive painted pottery known as Late Helladic IIIC found at the site of Tayinat during several seasons of excavation. The assemblage includes examples of Aegean-style bowls, kraters, and amphorae bearing an array of distinctive decorative features. A key objective of the study distinguishes Aegean stylistic characteristics both in form and in painted motifs from those inspired by the indigenous culture.

Drawing on a wide range of parallels from Philistia through the Levant, Anatolia, the Aegean Sea, the Greek Mainland, and Cyprus, this research begins to fill a longstanding lacuna in the Amuq Valley and attempts to correlate with major historical and cultural trends in the Northern Levant and beyond.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38326}, author = {Brian Janeway} } @book {942436, title = {Tel Miqne-Ekron Excavations, 1985{\textendash}1988, 1990, 1992{\textendash}1995: Field IV Lower{\textemdash}The Elite Zone, Part 2: The Iron Age IIC Late Philistine City}, year = {2017}, note = {

EFFRS 9/2

}, publisher = {Eisenbrauns (Ekron 9/2) }, organization = {Eisenbrauns (Ekron 9/2) }, abstract = {This well-illustrated volume presents the evidence from Stratum Pre-IC of the end of the 8th century, from Strata IC and IB of the 7th century, when Ekron achieved the zenith of its physical growth and prosperity, and from Stratum IA, the final Iron Age IIC phase of the early 6th century BCE. It offers a detailed discussion of the Iron Age IIC occupational history; a comprehensive analysis of the ceramic assemblages; a quantitative analysis of the pottery from the main Stratum IB buildings; and studies on vessel capacity, ceramic, lithic, ivory, and metal objects, jewelry, scarabs, faunal remains, and fish bones.

Published under the auspices of the Harvard Semitic Museum, this volume concludes the publication of the results of the nine seasons of excavation conducted in Field IV Lower between 1985 and 1995, directed by Trude Dothan and Seymour Gitin and sponsored by the W. F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Companion volumes published in 2016:

{\textemdash}Field IV Lower{\textemdash}The Elite Zone, Part 1: The Iron Age I Early Philistine City\ by Trude Dothan, Yosef Garfinkel and Seymour Gitin;

{\textemdash}Part 3A: The Iron Age I and IIC Early and Late Philistine Cities Database\ (see links tab);

{\textemdash}Part 3B: The Iron Age I and IIC Early and Late Philistine Cities Plans and Sections

The final reports on the two large Iron Age I and IIC Philistines cities in Field IV Lower offer a comprehensive view of the history of Ekron from its initial establishment and development in the Iron Age I until its destruction in the late Iron Age II. The searchable database and print version of the sections and plans provide a unique opportunity for readers to access and evaluate the excavators{\textquoteright} observations and conclusions.

}, url = {https://www.eisenbrauns.org/books/titles/978-1-57506-957-9.html}, author = {Seymour Gitin and Trude Dothan and Yosef Garfinkel} } @book {942441, title = {Tel Miqne-Ekron Excavations, 1985{\textendash}1988, 1990, 1992{\textendash}1995: Field IV Lower{\textemdash}The Elite Zone, Part 9/3A: The Iron Age I and IIC Early and Late Philistine Cities Database}, year = {2016}, note = {

EFFRS 9/3A

}, publisher = { Eisenbrauns}, organization = { Eisenbrauns}, address = {Winona Lake, Indiana}, url = {http://semiticmuseum.fas.harvard.edu/files/semitic/files/miqne-ekron_93a_-_the_iron_age_i_and_iic_early_and_late_philistine_cities_database.pdf}, author = {Seymour Gitin and Trude Dothan and Yosef Garfinkel} } @book {942431, title = {Tel Miqne-Ekron Excavations, 1985{\textendash}1988, 1990, 1992{\textendash}1995: Field IV Lower{\textemdash}The Elite Zone, Part 1: The Iron Age I Early Philistine City}, year = {2016}, note = {

EFFRS 9/1

}, publisher = {Eisenbrauns}, organization = {Eisenbrauns}, abstract = {

Tel Miqne-Ekron Field IV Lower{\textemdash}The Elite Zone, The Iron Age I and IIC, The Early and Late Philistine Cities, Parts 9/1-9/3B\ present the evidence of two large Philistines cites, one in Iron I, the period of its initial development, and the other in Iron IIC, its final stage when it achieved its zenith of physical growth and prosperity. They also offer a unique opportunity to check and evaluate the excavators{\textquoteright} observations and conclusions based on their comprehensive database. Published under the auspices of the Harvard Semitic Museum, they comprise the final reports of the nine seasons of excavations during the years 1985-1995, directed by Trude Dothan and Seymour Gitin and sponsored by the W. F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research and the Hebrew University.

Volume 9/1, The Iron Age I Early Philistine City\ covers Strata VII-IV, the 12th-early 10th centuries BCE. It includes a detailed discussion of the occupational history of the period with a comprehensive analysis of the ceramic assemblages and a selection of ceramic, lithic, clay, and metal objects with detailed discussions of jewelry, scarabs and ivory objects, as well as the faunal evidence. Volume 9/2, The Iron Age IIC Late Philistine City, which presents the evidence from Stratum I of the 7th and early 6th century BCE, is in press.

Volume 9/3A, The Iron Age I and IIC Early and Late Philistine Cities Database appears in digital form on the Harvard Semitic Museum website\ and is a complete presentation of the evidence with Context and Phasing Charts, Locus Summaries, and Material Culture Sample Lists.

Volume 9/3B The Iron Age I and IIC Late and Early Philistine Cities Plans and Sections\ includes every plan and section of each excavated Area in Field IV Lower.

}, url = {https://www.eisenbrauns.org/books/titles/978-1-57506-956-2.html}, author = {Trude Dothan and Yosef Garfinkel and Seymour Gitin} } @book {645216, title = {Ashkelon 5: The Land behind Ashkelon}, year = {2015}, note = {

Final Reports of The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon -ASHK 5

}, abstract = {

Combining old surveys with new material from salvage excavations,\ The Land behind Ashkelon\ provides a wide regional context for the excavations at Tel Ashkelon. This volume is a distillation of numerous excavations by many talented archaeologists, brought together by Yaakov Huster, a man who has devoted his life to preserving the cultural heritage of the Ashkelon region.

Yaakov Huster has not only revisited older surveys but has also taken into account the enormous amount of new information collected by the archaeologists of the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) over the last several decades. This volume synthesizes all available data to create the most accurate and updated regional survey of the Ashkelon region to date. As such, it is an invaluable resource to anyone studying Ashkelon and its hinterland.

}, url = {https://www.eisenbrauns.org/books/series/book_SeriesAshkelon.html}, author = {Yaakov Huster} } @book {942451, title = {Tel Miqne-Ekron Excavations, 1985{\textendash}1988, 1990, 1992{\textendash}1995: Field IV Lower{\textemdash}The Elite Zone, Part 3B: The Iron Age I and IIC Early and Late Philistine Cities Plans and Sections}, year = {2014}, note = {

EFFRS 9/3B

}, publisher = {Eisenbrauns}, organization = {Eisenbrauns}, abstract = {

Tel Miqne-Ekron Field IV Lower{\textemdash}The Elite Zone, The Iron Age I and IIC, The Early and Late Philistine Cities, Parts 9/1-9/3B\ present the evidence of two large Philistines cites, one in Iron I, the period of its initial development, and the other in Iron IIC, its final stage when it achieved its zenith of physical growth and prosperity. They also offer a unique opportunity to check and evaluate the excavators{\textquoteright} observations and conclusions based on their comprehensive database. Published under the auspices of the Harvard Semitic Museum, they comprise the final reports of the nine seasons of excavations during the years 1985-1995, directed by Trude Dothan and Seymour Gitin and sponsored by the W. F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research and the Hebrew University.

Volume 9/1, The Iron Age I Early Philistine City\ covers Strata VII-IV, the 12th-early 10th centuries BCE. It includes a detailed discussion of the occupational history of the period with a comprehensive analysis of the ceramic assemblages and a selection of ceramic, lithic, clay, and metal objects with detailed discussions of jewelry, scarabs and ivory objects, as well as the faunal evidence. Volume 9/2, The Iron Age IIC Late Philistine City, which presents the evidence from Stratum I of the 7th and early 6th century BCE, is in press.

Volume 9/3A, The Iron Age I and IIC Early and Late Philistine Cities Database appears in digital form on the Harvard Semitic Museum website\ and is a complete presentation of the evidence with Context and Phasing Charts, Locus Summaries, and Material Culture Sample Lists.

Volume 9/3B The Iron Age I and IIC Late and Early Philistine Cities Plans and Sections\ includes every plan and section of each excavated Area in Field IV Lower.

}, url = {https://www.eisenbrauns.org/books/titles/978-1-57506-956-2.html}, author = {Seymour Gitin and Trude Dothan and Yosef Garfinkel} } @book {645241, title = {Excavations at the Early Bronze IV Sites of Jebel Qa{\textquoteright}aqir and Be{\textquoteright}er Resisim}, year = {2014}, note = {

Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant - SAHL\ 6

}, abstract = {

This volume is the final report of excavations carried out in the Hebron hills and the Negev desert in 1967-1980 on behalf of Hebrew Union College in Jerusalem and the University of Arizona. They were pioneering, multidisciplinary projects that helped to illuminate what was then a poorly known {\textquotedblleft}Dark Age{\textquotedblright} in the cultural history of ancient Palestine, a nonurban interlude of pastoral nomadic movements over several centuries (ca. 2400{\textendash}2000 B.C.E.) between the great urban civilizations of the early Bronze Ages. Eighteen appendixes by specialists in many disciplines analyze all aspects of material culture and human and animal remains. A history of previous scholarship and a synthesis of the EB IV period in both Israel and Jordan conclude the volume, which will be a landmark study for many years.

William G. Dever, who began EB IV studies with his Harvard doctoral dissertation in 1966, is Distinguished Professor of Archaeology at Lycoming College and Professor of Archaeology and Anthropology Emeritus at the University of Arizona. He is also an adjunct Professor of Archaeology at Pennsylvania State University.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38323}, author = {William G. Dever} } @book {364811, title = {Transitivity and Object Marking in Biblical Hebrew: An Investigation of the Object Preposition {\textquoteright}et}, year = {2014}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 64

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38325}, author = {Peter Bekins} } @book {645231, title = {The Material Culture of the Northern Sea Peoples in Israel}, year = {2013}, note = {

The Material Culture of the Northern Sea Peoples in Israel (SAHL\ 5)

}, abstract = {

This monograph is the product of Stern{\textquoteright}s two decades of excavation at Tel Dor on the Carmel Coast, a city that Egyptian sources indicate was ruled in the eleventh century BCE by a Sikil king. Near the end of the period during which he directed excavations there, Stern began to notice the unique material culture of the Northern Sea Peoples and connected this material with discoveries in adjacent regions and in the north of Israel. A related survey of the {\textquoteleft}Akko Valley conducted by Avner Raban resulted in a further accumulation of data that supported the conclusion that the Sea Peoples that Egyptian sources indicated had settled in this region had in fact left behind evidence of their presence. This realization preceded the appearance of additional information{\textemdash}both material culture and inscriptions{\textemdash}that reflected the presence of Northern Sea Peoples throughout portions of northern Syria and southern Anatolia.

Two main principles guide Stern{\textquoteright}s study. (1) Historical sources provide the best evidence for contemporary events{\textemdash}in this case, specifically, the evidence concerns the Sikils and Sherden, as well as biblical sources that refer to Northern Sea Peoples as "Philistines" and that recount their wars with Israel in the north of the land, in the Jezreel Valley, and in Gilboa. (2) Ethnic archaeology is a genuine concept: every people that settles in any area naturally leaves marks of its own culture. The conclusion that is traced here, then, is that the culture of the Northern Sea Peoples, though difficult to identify, nonetheless did leave clear evidence that becomes apparent when the relevant strata at sites along the coast from the Yarkon and farther north and in the {\textquoteright}Akko and Jezreel Valleys are examined.

In this volume Stern presents the most complete picture that can be drawn from the evidence uncovered in the past few decades. Lavish illustrations accompany the discussion.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38322}, author = {Ephraim Stern} } @book {364706, title = {Key to A Grammar of Akkadian}, year = {2013}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 46

}, abstract = {

Professor Huehnergard{\textquoteright}s key to his extensive Akkadian Grammar will be welcomed by teacher and student alike. Please note that this third edition of the key is a revision that complements the third edition of the\ Grammar, incorporating a number of corrections.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38185}, author = {John Huehnergard} } @book {364806, title = {The Verbal Tense System in Late Biblical Hebrew Prose}, year = {2013}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 63

}, abstract = {

This study offers a synchronic and diachronic account of the Biblical Hebrew verbal tense system during the Second Temple period, based on the books of Esther, Daniel, and Ezra and Nehemiah, along with the non-synoptic parts of Chronicles. In analyzing the development of this system, Cohen discerns the changes that mark the transition from the classical era to the Second Temple period.

The book is divided into two main parts: a survey of previous research along with the methodology of the present study; and a descriptive analysis of the verbal system in late biblical prose literature. In the first section, the author discusses the eclectic nature of the biblical corpus, including the ramifications of this heterogeneity on linguistic efforts to for-mulate a synchronic structural account of its texts. Moreover, he surveys the principal linguistic concepts of tense, aspect, and mood, and the ver-bal paradigm{\textquoteright}s complex nature. The second part of the book offers a synchronic account of the Second Temple period verbal system. It features a categorical breakdown and analysis of all the verb forms in the corpus{\textquoteright}s prose texts. The author examines the reasons behind these changes by dint of a diachronic comparison with other strata of the Hebrew language{\textemdash}namely, biblical texts of the First Temple period, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the language of the Sages.

This book will be widely welcomed by students and scholars of Biblical Hebrew, Comparative Semitics, and linguistics.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38321}, author = {Ohad Cohen} } @book {362651, title = {Ashkelon 4: The Iron Age Figurines of Ashkelon and Philistia}, year = {2012}, note = {

Final Reports of The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon -ASHK 4

}, abstract = {

In this volume, Dr. Michael D. Press publishes the complete Iron Age corpus of terracotta anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figurines from the Leon Levy Expedition. Adapting a methodology of typology, iconography, and iconology, Press lays out his theoretical framework for analyzing and understanding the figurines of Ashkelon and those from Philistine cultures. Throughout this study, which covers nearly six centuries of Philistine life, the well-dated archaeological contexts of the figurines are stressed as much as their form and decoration. With an uncanny eye for form and detail, Press succeeds in changing our understanding of Philistine iconography while providing a model of method and theory that could be applied to the coroplastic art of many cultures.

}, url = {https://www.eisenbrauns.org/books/series/book_SeriesAshkelon.html}, author = {Michael D. Press} } @book {364796, title = {

Early Northwest Semitic Serpent Spells in the Pyramid Texts

}, year = {2011}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 61

}, abstract = {

New:\ Seven high-resolutions scans are now available online for browsing key images of the pyramid of Unas in detail:\ Antechamber, North Wall (right) and West Wall\ |\ Antechamber, West Wall\ |\ Sarcophagus Chamber, East Wall\ |\ Sarcophagus Chamber, West Wall\ |\ Sarcophagus Chamber, West Gable, center\ |\ Antechamber, East Wall, upper\ |\ Antechamber, East Wall, lower

The earliest connected Semitic texts known to modern scholars are usually thought to be East Semitic texts from Mesopotamia, written in the cuneiform script. In this monograph, Richard C. Steiner deciphers Semitic texts that are even earlier--Northwest Semitic texts in hieroglyphic script that have been "hiding in plain sight" among the Pyramid Texts of the Old Kingdom.

The Semitic texts are embedded in two series of Egyptian spells designed to protect the king{\textquoteright}s mummy against snakes. They are orthographically distinct from the rest of the Pyramid Texts, characterized by exceptional phonetic spelling reminiscent of the "group writing" used to write foreign names and texts in later times. Most editors of the Pyramid Texts have considered them unintelligible.

The Semitic and Egyptian passages in these spells are mutually elucidating. The Egyptian context contains phrases that reveal the meaning of corresponding Semitic phrases as well as clues that reveal the origin of the texts. The Semitic, in turn, helps to clarify the Egyptian, bringing a degree of cohesiveness and order to a group of spells that previously seemed like a hodgepodge. As Robert K. Ritner writes in his foreword to the monograph: "We have thus gone from a string of isolated invocations, many of them gibberish, to a coherent logically constructed, tripartite ritual with a recognizable beginning, middle, and end. This seems to me a remarkable advance."

}, url = {Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 61http://www.eisenbrauns.com/item/STEEARLYN}, author = {Richard C. Steiner} } @book {364691, title = {A Grammar of Akkadian}, year = {2011}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 45

}, abstract = {

In the third edition of A Grammar of Akkadian, changes have been made in the section on the nom-i-n-al morpheme -{\r a}n ({\textsection}20.2) and the sections on the meaning of the D stem ({\textsection}24.3) and the Gt stem ({\textsection}33.1(b)); these revisions reflect recent scholarship in Akkadian grammar. For those who have earlier editions of the book, pdfs of these revisions are available\ here\ (PDF).

Other changes include minor revisions in wording in the presentation of the grammar in a few other sections; a number of new notes to some of the readings; additions to the glosses of a small number of words in the lesson vocabularies (and the Glossary and English{\textendash}Akkadian word list); and updates of the resources available for the study of Akkadian, and of the bibliography.

A new appendix (F) has been added, giving Hebrew and other Semitic cognates of the Akkadian words in the lesson vocabularies. This appendix is also available\ here\ (PDF).

The pagination of the first and second editions has for the most part been retained, apart from the insertion of the new appendix and a few minor deviations elsewhere.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38184}, author = {John Huehnergard} } @book {364801, title = {Studies in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic Based Upon Early Eastern Manuscripts}, year = {2011}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 62

}, abstract = {

This book is the first wide-ranging study of the grammar of the Babylonian Aramaic used in the Talmud and post-Talmudic Babylonian literature (henceforth: Rabbinic Babylonian Aramaic) to be published in English in a century. The book takes as its starting point the long-recognized problem of the corrupt nature of the later textual witnesses of Babylonian Rabbinic literature and seeks both to establish criteria for the identification of accurate textual witnesses and describe the grammar of Rabbinic Babylonian Aramaic. The book is both programmatic and descriptive: it lays the foundations for future research into the dialect while clarifying numerous points of grammar, many of which have not been discussed systematically in the available scholarly literature.

Following a critical survey of the currently available scholarly tools, the book considers the r{\^o}le of the Yemenite textual and reading traditions in the study of Rabbinic Babylonian Aramaic. While some previous authorities have regarded this tradition as a primary source for grammatical study of the dialect, by comparing the data of the earliest manuscripts to the forms employed in the Yemenite traditions, the present book demonstrates that the Yemenite traditions have been subject to secondary changes. Accordingly, it is concluded here that only the early eastern manuscripts preserve the dialect in its original form.

The next chapter considers the problem of linguistic variation within the corpus. It is well established that the Talmudic literature employs a wide range of alternative grammatical forms. Several explanations have been proposed for this phenomenon. Some authorities have suggested that it arises from dialectal differences, while others have proposed that it represents the use of different literary registers. An alternative explanation is that the language was altered during the course of textual transmission. This study shows that none of these explanations can account for the wide extent of the phenomenon, which is found in the best textual witnesses and in ostensibly uniform contexts. It is argued that all of proposed explanations may partially account for the interchanges but, ultimately, the lack of a literary standard leads to the use of different forms.

Syntax is often regarded as being one of the linguistic areas least affected by textual transmission. However, the early manuscripts show that Rabbinic Babylonian Aramaic employs a defined series of syntactic structures to mark the direct object. This clearly defined complimentary distribution is lost in the later textual witnesses, which use the structures interchangeably. It is thus shown that, for syntactic study, too, only a small group of textual witnesses can be regarded as reliable.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38320}, author = {Matthew Morgenstern} } @book {362646, title = {Ashkelon 3: The Seventh Century B.C.}, year = {2011}, note = {

Final Reports of The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon -ASHK 3

}, abstract = {

Ashkelon 3: The Seventh Century B.C, written by Lawrence E. Stager, Daniel M. Master, and J. David Schloen has won of the\ 2012 Irene Levi-Sala Book Prize. The Irene Levi-Sala Book prize award is dedicated by the Sala Family Trust, London, to the memory of Dr. Irene Levi-Sala, who was a gifted archaeologist and maintained a keen interest in the culture and archaeology of Israel. The purpose of this prestigious prize is to encourage and reward high quality publications, both scholarly and popular, on the archaeology of Israel against the wider context of Near Eastern history and archaeology.

The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon continues its final report series with a study of the city destroyed in the campaign of the Babylonian king Nebuchadrezzar in December of 604 B.C. In this era, Ashkelon{\textquoteright}s markets linked land routes from the southeast to a web of international Mediterranean merchants, and this volume describes the Iron Age bazaar where shopkeepers sold the goods of Egypt, Greece, Phoenicia, Cyprus, and Judah. In addition, in another part of the city, a winery produced a homegrown vintage for distribution abroad.

This volume spans more than 800 full-color pages illustrating the range of imported and local artifacts recovered by more than ten years of excavation. The twenty-eight chapters, by more than two dozen contributors, combine to describe Ashkelon{\textquoteright}s pivotal role in the economy and politics of the late seventh century B.C. As such,\ Ashkelon 3: The Seventh Century B.C.\ is a indispensable resource for those interested in the Iron Age history of the Eastern Mediterranean and the study of trade and economy in the ancient world.

}, url = {https://www.eisenbrauns.org/books/series/book_SeriesAshkelon.html}, author = {Lawrence E. Stager and Daniel M. Master and J. David Schloen} } @book {365841, title = {Biblical Metaphor Reconsidered: A Cognitive Approach to Poetic Prophecy in Jeremiah 1-24}, year = {2010}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 64

}, abstract = {

How do we understand the characteristically extensive presence of imagery in biblical prophecy? Poetic metaphor in prophetic writings has commonly been understood solely as an artistic flourish intended to create certain rhetorical effects. It thus appears expendable and unrelated to the core content of the composition{\textemdash}however engaging it may be, aesthetically or otherwise. Job Jindo invites us to reconsider this convention. Applying recent studies in cognitive science, he explores how we can view metaphor as the very essence of poetic prophecy{\textemdash}namely, metaphor as an indispensable mode to communicate prophetic insight. Through a cognitive reading of Jeremiah 1-24, Jindo amply demonstrates the advantage and heuristic ramifications of this approach in biblical studies.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38310}, author = {Job Y. Jindo} } @book {364791, title = {The Function of the Tautological Infinitive in Classical Biblical Hebrew}, year = {2009}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 60

}, abstract = {

One of the intriguing and insufficiently understood features of Biblical Hebrew is the use of an infinitive form alongside a finite verb of the same root. The function of this construction has generally been understood as serving to provide some kind of emphasis. However, neither translations nor grammars are consistently able to explain what is being emphasized by the use of this construction. This volume, which is a revision of the author{\textquoteright}s Ph.D. dissertation at the Johns Hopkins University (2006), examines the tautological infinitive construction in Classical Biblical Hebrew (that is, the Hebrew written during the First Temple Period, more or less equivalent to the material in Genesis{\textendash}2 Kings, excluding "P") in order to give a coherent and consistent explanation of its function. In a final chapter, Kim discusses the use of the tautological infinitive in Classical Biblical Hebrew in relation to its use in non-Classical biblical texts and Semitic languages in order to set it in a broader context.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38307}, author = {Yoo-Ki Kim} } @book {364781, title = {The Scribes and Scholars of the City of Emar in the Late Bronze Age}, year = {2009}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 59

}, abstract = {

The city of Emar, modern Tell Meskene in Syria, is one of the most important sites of the western ancient Near East during the Late Bronze Age that have yielded cuneiform tablets. The discovery of more than one thousand tablets and tablet fragments assures Emar{\textquoteright}s position, along with Bogazkoy-Hattusa and Ras-Shamra-Ugarit, as a major scribal center. Ephemeral documents such as wills or sale contracts, texts about rituals and cultic festivals, school texts and student exercises, and inscribed seals and their impressions enable reconstruction of the Emar scribal school institution and provide materials for investigation into the lives of more than fifty scribes whose works were found in the city. The aim of this book is to place Emar{\textquoteright}s scribal school institution within its social and historical context, to observe the participation of its teachers and students in the study of the school curriculum, to investigate the role of the scribes in the daily life of the city (in particular within the administration), and to evaluate the school{\textquoteright}s and its members{\textquoteright} position within the network of similar institutions throughout the ancient Near East.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38305}, author = {Yoram Cohen} } @book {365926, title = {"Walled Up to Heaven": The Evolution of Middle Bronze Age Fortification Strategies in the Levant}, year = {2008}, note = {

Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant - SAHL 4

}, abstract = {

As the first comprehensive study of fortification systems and defensive strategies in the Levant during the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 1900 to 1500 B.C.E.),\ Walled up to Heaven\ is an indispensable contribution to the study of this period and of early warfare in the ancient Near East. Although archaeologists and ancient historians alike have discussed a variety of theories regarding the origin and cultural significance of the construction of earthen ramparts during the Middle Bronze Age, only this work addresses these questions in detail. In a tour de force, Burke traces the diachronic evolution and geographic distribution of the architectural features and settlement strategies connected with the emergence of Middle Bronze Age defenses in the Levant. By synthesizing historical and archaeological data from Mesopotamia and Egypt as well as the Levant, he reveals the interconnectedness of the Near Eastern world during the first half of the second millennium to an extent not recently considered. The result is a detailed employment of cognitive, social, and dirt archaeology to reconstruct the political, social, military, and cultural implications of the construction of monumental defenses and the development of defensive networks during the period of Amorite hegemony in the Levant.

Aaron Burke is Assistant Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures at the University of California at Los Angeles. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 2004.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38302}, author = {Aaron Burke} } @book {364776, title = {Markedness in Canaanite and Hebrew Verbs}, year = {2008}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 58

}, abstract = {

Semitic linguistics is arguably involved in its own version of a "maximalist versus minimalist" controversy with respect to verbal morphology. Dissent persists about whether and to what degree the Northwest Semitic verb paradigms underlying languages such as Biblical Hebrew and Amarna Canaanite (yaqtul, yaqtulu, yaqtula) are themselves determinative of tense-aspect-mood values, as opposed to extra-verbal structures ranging from syntax to discourse. To label a verb form as marked or unmarked for these values is to evoke a bountiful yet nebulous complex of theories about how language is built and employed. But Semitists have often unwittingly bleached markedness terms of their full historical and technical significance, reducing them to generic appellations that are invoked in sporadic and nearly random fashions. By applying markedness to Semitic morphology in a consistent and rigorous manner, this innovative book brings to bear a venerable linguistic construct on a persistent philological crux, in order to achieve deeper clarity in the structures and workings of Canaanite and Hebrew verbs. Korchin{\textquoteright}s arguments hold relevance for translating and interpreting nearly every sentence in ancient texts such as the Hebrew Bible and the Amarna letters.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38303}, author = {Paul Korchin} } @book {362781, title = {

Ugaritic Vocabulary in Syllabic Transcription

}, year = {2008}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 32

}, abstract = {

Huehnergard{\textquoteright}s pioneering monograph investigated the essentially unvocalized nature of the alphabetic script used to write Ugaritic, which is, of course, a major hindrance to our attempts to understand the language and its texts. Without a clear picture of the vocalization of the language, we cannot understand its word structure and, thus, its morphology. Apart from the three aleph signs used in Ugaritic, the major source for the vocalization of the language is Ugaritic texts written in syllabic cuneiform.

This fine resource by Huehnergard was first published in 1987 and has been out of print for several years. In this revised edition, Huehnergard adds an appendix of 32 pages of new materials and corrections, all keyed to the original publication. A complete set of indexes{\textemdash}including texts cited and words in various Semitic languages{\textemdash}provides handy access to the wealth of data presented in the book. The revised edition thus brings this important reference work fully up to date and once again makes it available to students of Ugaritic specifically and Northwest Semitic in general.

}, url = {http://www.eisenbrauns.com/item/HUEUGARI}, author = {John Huehnergard} } @book {362221, title = {Ashkelon 1: Introduction and Overview (1985-2006)}, year = {2008}, note = {

Final Reports of The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon -ASHK 1

}, abstract = {

Since 1985, the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon, directed by Lawrence E. Stager of Harvard University, has been a leading American archaeological project in Israel.\ Now, the work of the project is being collected in ten final report volumes published by the Harvard Semitic Museum.\ The first volume,\ Introduction and Overview (1985-2006), spans more than 700 copiously illustrated pages, many in full color, and includes subjects ranging from microscopic DNA to monumental architecture.\ In addition, Volume 1 includes plans and descriptions of every architectural phase excavated during the course of seventeen field seasons and reveals the archaeological sequence of the site and aspects of the city plan from the Bronze Age to Crusader times, with special emphasis on Canaanite (Bronze Age) and Philistine (Iron Age) Ashkelon. The chapters in this volume, by more than three dozen contributors, combine to describe Ashkelon{\textquoteright}s cultural constants and contingencies over\ la longue dur{\'e}e\ (3000 BCE to 1500 CE).\  As a result,\ Ashkelon 1: Introduction and Overview (1985-2006)\ will be an indispensable resource for investigating the maritime and terrestrial history of the southeastern Mediterranean littoral.

}, url = {https://www.eisenbrauns.org/books/series/book_SeriesAshkelon.html}, author = {Lawrence E. Stager and J. David Schloen and Daniel M. Master} } @book {362261, title = {Ashkelon 2: Imported Pottery of the Roman and Late Roman Periods}, year = {2008}, note = {

Final Reports of The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon -ASHK 2

}, abstract = {

The seaport of Ashkelon flourished under Roman and Byzantine rulers. Its far-flung maritime connections are reflected in the imported pottery found by the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon. Dr. Barbara L. Johnson brings a wealth of expertise and many years of experience to her study of this material, presenting and identifying a diverse array of vessels that illuminate the trading networks that knitted together the Mediterranean world.

}, url = {https://www.eisenbrauns.org/books/series/book_SeriesAshkelon.html}, author = {Barbara L. Johnson} } @book {365836, title = {Two Strange Beasts: Leviathan and Behemoth in Second Temple and Early Rabbinic Judaism}, year = {2006}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 63

}, abstract = {

The ancient myth of a battle between a Divine Warrior and a primordial monster undergoes significant development in postbiblical and rabbinic literatures. This development is the focus of the present study. In particular, it examines the monsters Leviathan and Behemoth, showing that the postbiblical and rabbinic traditions about them are derived from ancient sources that are not all preserved in the biblical texts.

In the\ Apocalypse of Abraham\ and the\ Ladder of Jacob, the monster Leviathan is placed at the juncture of heaven and the underworld. This cosmological focus appears in rabbinic literature in traditions concerning Behemoth, Leviathan, and the world rivers, and concerning Leviathan as the foundation of the axis mundi. These originate in the Divine Warrior{\textquoteright}s enthronement upon the vanquished chaos dragon.

A second role in which Leviathan and Behemoth appear in postbiblical literature is as food for the eschatological banquet. Whitney studies this in a variety of sources, among them\ 4 Ezra\ 6:47-52, 2 Apocalypse of Baruch 29:4, and\ 1 Enoch\ 60:7-9, 24, and a number of rabbinic texts. In one tradition, the battle between God and monster becomes an angelic hunt, described by the Greek word\ kynegesia. This sometimes referred to battles between beasts in the arena, and in a variant tradition Leviathan battles Behemoth in a fight to the death before the banquet. The "food for the righteous" motif possibly stems from the introduction of hunting imagery into the combat myth: the prevalence of hunting banquets gave rise to the expectation that these monsters, the prey in a divine hunt, would feed the righteous at the end of time.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38290}, author = {KW Whitney} } @book {364766, title = {The Modal System of Old Babylonian}, year = {2005}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 56

}, abstract = {

This monograph is a corpus-based description of the modal system of epistolary Old Babylonian, one of the best attested Akkadian dialects, using the European structural method. The study strives to match a concrete exponent (i.e., an array of formal features, morphological and syntactic) with a semantic value, in using syntactic criteria. The book treats:

1. the asseverative paradigm (used for insistence, concession and oath), explaining the syntactic mechanism behind these forms;

2. the various precative-based paradigms in various syntactic conditions: the directive group, the wish group and the interrogative group;

3. the same forms occurring in special syntactic patterns-the sequential precative and the concessive-conditional precative;

4. the paratactic conditional; and

5. the modal nominal syntagm {\v s}a para:sim.

Together with this description, some additional problems are addressed for which solutions are developed: the focus system of Old Babylonian; the general linguistic issue of "emphatic assertion" (using an English corpus); and a way to describe the syntactic nature of paratactic conditional structures.\ 

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38300}, author = {Eran Cohen} } @book {364771, title = {Studies in Semitic Grammaticalization}, year = {2005}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 57

}, abstract = {

This groundbreaking study examines the historical development of the Semitic languages from the point of view of grammaticalization, the linguistic process whereby lexical items and constructions lose their lexical meaning and serve grammatical functions. The author first provides an introduction to this process, followed by a comprehensive overview--with abundant examples from ancient and modern languages--of how it is exemplified in Semitic. Three successive chapters are devoted to in-depth studies of specific cases of grammaticalization: the definite article in Central Semitic, direct object markers across Semitic, and present tense prefixes in modern Arabic and Aramaic dialects. Drawing on evidence from many non-Semitic languages, from recent developments in the field of historical linguistics, and from traditional comparative Semitics, this book represents a major contribution to the field of comparative Semitics.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38301}, author = {Aaron Rubin} } @book {365826, title = {The Gendered Language of Warfare in the Israelite-Assyrian Encounter}, year = {2004}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 62

}, abstract = {

Recognizing gendered metaphors as literary and ideological tools that biblical and Assyrian authors used in the representation of warfare and its aftermath, this study compares the gendered literary complexes that authors on both sides of the Israelite-Assyrian encounter developed in order to claim victory. The study begins by identifying and tracing historically the presentation of royal masculinity in Assyrian royal texts and reliefs dating from the 9th through 7th centuries bce. Central to this analysis is the Assyrian representation of warfare as a masculine contest in which the enemy male is discredited as a rival through feminization.

The second part of the study focuses on the biblical authors{\textquoteright} responses to the Assyrian incursion and demonstrates that the dominant metaphorical complex for recording and remembering Israel and Judah{\textquoteright}s military encounters with Assyria was that of Jerusalem as a woman. This section, therefore, traces the evolving canonical biography of Jerusalem-the-Woman as her life story is told and remembered in relationship to Assyria.

In the final section of the book, the contest of royal masculinity described in royal Assyrian texts informs the reading of the redactional history of Judah{\textquoteright}s memory of Assyria, and the insights gained from the study of a feminized Jerusalem are applied to a rereading of the siege scenes of the Assyrian palace reliefs.

Innovative in its use of gendered language as the basis for historical comparison of biblical and Assyrian texts, this book is the first to offer a comprehensive methodology for defining and assessing the impact of gendered language within texts of historically linked cultures. This book also advances the discussion of what has been called "inner-biblical exegesis" by offering gendered metaphors as a lens through which to trace the evolution of Judean social memory within the biblical text.

Cynthia R. Chapman is a Professor of Religious Studies at Oberlin College in Oberlin, OH.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38299}, author = {Cynthia R. Chapman} } @book {364761, title = {Narrative Structure and Discourse Constellations: An Analysis of Clause Function in Biblical Hebrew Prose}, year = {2004}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 55

}, abstract = {

One of the perennial problems within the study of biblical Hebrew syntax is how the five basic verbal clause types - QATAL, YIQTOL, WeQATAL, WeYIQTOL and WAYYIQTOL - as well as participial and verbless clauses provide the meaning and structure of narrative prose.

This definitive study examines two cases of extended narrative: The Novella of Joseph (Genesis 37, 39-47) and the Court Narrative of David (2 Samuel 9-20; 1 Kings 1-2) and analyzes the independent clauses within each.

This comprehensive examination demonstrates that the arrangement of clause types in narrative is not random or infinite. In narrative, specific sets of differing types of clauses either begin or conclude paragraphs or provide two types of commentary upon certain elements of the narrative. In direct discourse, a limited number of clause constellations can occur. Differing clause types in narrative, therefore, determine the structure of the storyline; differing clause types in direct discourse determine the purpose of the speech.

}, author = {Roy Heller} } @book {364756, title = {Amarna Studies: Collected Writings}, year = {2003}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 54

}, abstract = {

In this volume are collected all of the writings Moran devoted to the Amarna letters over more than four decades, including his doctoral dissertation, which has been one of the most widely cited unpublished works in ancient Near Eastern studies. A citation index makes Professor Moran{\textquoteright}s comments on individual texts readily accessible.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38279}, author = {William L. Moran}, editor = {John Huehnergard and Shlomo Izre{\textquoteright}el} } @book {364746, title = {Eighth-Century Iraqi Grammar: A Critical Exploration of Pre-Halilian Arabic Linguistics}, year = {2003}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 53

}, abstract = {

Arabic grammatical thinking provides one of the richest and most significant contributions of medieval Islamic sciences to the history of human civilization. For the first time, this book traces down its formation during the second century of Islam (eighth century A.D.), before the age of the famous Halil b. Ahmad and his disciple Sibawayhi. Some 240 excerpts extracted from the earliest sources of the eighth and ninth centuries create a unique database, which is then analyzed critically. Consequently a clear scheme emerges of the sophisticated grammar of this pre-Halilian era. As a result, Halil{\textquoteright}s and Sibawayhi{\textquoteright}s revolt on this tradition is considered in detail.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38286}, author = {Rafael Talmon} } @book {364736, title = {Leaves from an Epigrapher{\textquoteright}s Notebook: Collected Papers in Hebrew and West Semitic Palaeography and Epigraphy}, year = {2003}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 51

}, abstract = {

The editors have assembled here 55 key articles and notes by the well-known Harvard professor, organizing them under the categories Palaeography, Transjordanian Epigraphy, Hebrew Inscriptions, Aramaic Texts, and Old Canaanite and Phoenician Inscriptions. These essays, scattered in journals and various books, have now been brought together in one volume for easy access and attest to the life-long interest and contributions of one of the best-known epigraphers and palaeographers of the last 50 years.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38285}, author = {John Huehnergard and Jo Ann Hackett}, editor = {Frank Moore Cross, Jr.} } @book {364741, title = {Semitic Noun Patterns}, year = {2003}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 52

}, abstract = {

This is the first complete study of Semitic internal noun patterns since that of Jacob Barth, over a century ago. Drawing on the earlier work of Semitists and linguists, this work presents a comprehensive new synthesis. This diachronic-comparative study presents the internal patterns individually and organizes them systematically. This study investigates the special role of noun patterns in isolated nouns and gives a complete list of reconstructible isolated nouns.

This diachronic-comparative study presents the internal patterns individually and organizes them systematically. The roles of the patterns in the derivation of nouns from roots, and in nominal inflection, are shown as part of a reconstructed system. This study investigates the special role of noun patterns in isolated nouns, and gives a complete list of reconstructible isolated nouns.

The heart of the book is devoted to studies of all individual reconstructible internal patterns with their Semitic reflexes, including mono- and bisyllabics and patterns with ungeminated or geminated second or third consonants.

The book reaches conclusions on the structure of the Proto-Semitic pattern system, including categories of reconstructible and non-reconstructible patterns, semantic groups of patterns, and relationships between different patterns. Further, patterns merge and split diachronically, appearing in different roles in the attested languages, where new pattern systems are formed.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38282}, author = {Joshua Fox} } @book {365911, title = {Canaanites, Chronologies, and Connections: The Relationship of Middle Bronze Age IIA Canaan to Middle Kingdom Egypt}, year = {2002}, note = {

Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant - SAHL 3

}, abstract = {

The beginning of the Middle Bronze Age (MB IIA) in Canaan (ca. 1950-1740 B.C.E.) set the stage for many of the cultural, political, and economic institutions that shaped the ancient Near East. Particular theoretical models for the analysis of complex societies are used in this study to examine textual, pictorial, and archaeological evidence relating to the nature and organization of MB IIA Canaan. The written and pictorial evidence pertaining to Egyptian-Canaanite contact indicates a fluid relationship that changed over time in response to changing social, political, and economic developments in both cultures. As a result, Egyptian policy toward Canaan was multifaceted, including approaches ranging from the use of military force to magical rites. The analysis of MB IIA site-distribution indicates that Canaanite settlement first developed in areas on the coast most conducive to agricultural growth. It then progressed according to a dendritic pattern of organization along the east-west wadi systems into the interior in response to a growing demand for resources and raw materials, fueled in part by contact with Egypt and the international world of the eastern Mediterranean. Chronological correlations between the Canaanite settlement systems and Middle Kingdom Egypt also indicate that the beginning of the MB IIA in Canaan dates well into the Middle Kingdom, rather than being contemporary with its beginnings, as previously understood. Findings concerning the Canaanite-Egyptian relationship, Canaanite site-distribution, and chronological connections between these two regions all illustrate the development of Canaan from a society in the first stages of urbanization to a fully urbanized one, setting the stage for the rise of the Hyksos to power in Egypt.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38281}, author = {Susan Cohen} } @book {365896, title = {The House of the Father as Fact and Symbol: Patrimonialism in Ugarit and the Ancient Near East}, year = {2001}, note = {

Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant - SAHL 2

}, abstract = {

The first two volumes on patrimonialism in Ugarit and the ancient Near East, this book opens with a lengthy introduction on the interpretation of social action and households in the ancient world. Following this foundation, Schloen embarks on a societal and domestic study of the Late Bronze Age kingdom of Ugarit in its wider Near Eastern context.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38280}, author = {J. David Schloen} } @book {365816, title = {"Of Wood and Stone": The Significance of Israelite Cultic Items in the Bible and Its Early Interpreters}, year = {2001}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 61

}, abstract = {

The Hebrew Bible contains varying opinions concerning which cultic items or objects used in worship were appropriate for use within YHWHism and which were not. By analyzing every passage which mentions "high places" (bamot), sacred trees or poles (asherim), standing stones, altars, and cultic statuary, this study reveals that a remarkable diversity of cultic practices fell within the bounds of acceptability in ancient Israel. Also included are three chapters exploring the particular understandings of these items in the LXX, Vulgate, Targumim, and other early Jewish sources. Opposing the long-held generalization that use of these items was unanimously viewed by biblical authors as syncretistic, this study shows that, with the exception of cultic statuary, all of these items were, at one time or another, legitimate components of Israelite worship. Thus they provide witness to a diversity of theologies and ritual practices within YHWHism previously unappreciated.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38288}, author = {Elizabeth C. LaRocca-Pitts} } @book {364731, title = {The Archaeology of Israelite Samaria, Volume 2}, year = {2001}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 50

}, abstract = {

In this comprehensive study, Professor Tappy rounds out the study of the Iron Age strata at Samaria that he began with the first volume of this work, published in 1992 (The Early Iron Age through the Ninth Century, HSS 44). Tappy{\textquoteright}s goal is to provide a thorough-going analysis of prior archaeologists{\textquoteright} work at this important north Israelite site, with a view to providing a complete reconstruction of the depositional history of the site during the Iron Age. The two volumes together are important, not only for the history of the city of Samaria, but for the archaeological sequences of the Iron Age in northern Israel.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38292}, author = {Ron E. Tappy} } @book {364726, title = {West Semitic Vocabulary in the Akkadian Texts from Emar}, year = {2001}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 49

}, abstract = {

Part 1 of this study is a glossary with comparative analysis of non-normative Akkadian forms, Hittite and Hurrian words, West Semitic lexemes, and words of uncertain origin, with special attention given to the West Semitic forms. Part 2 consists of grammatical observations pertaining to the West Semitic forms, under the headings orthography, phonology, and morphology.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38283}, author = {Eugen J. Pentiuc} } @book {365881, title = {The Archaeology of Jordan and Beyond: Essays in Memory of James A. Sauer}, year = {2000}, note = {

Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant - SAHL 1

}, abstract = {

James A. Sauer was for many years the Director of the American Center of Oriental Research in Amman, Jordan, leading it to the preeminent place it now occupies as a research institution dedicated to the archaeology and history of Transjordan. This volume honors him, with more than 50 contributions from colleagues and friends.

With this volume, the Harvard Semitic Museum inaugurates a new series entitled "Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant."

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38275}, editor = {Joseph A. Greene and Michael D. Coogan and Lawrence E. Stager} } @book {365806, title = {The Fruit of the Vine: Viticulture in Ancient Israel}, year = {2000}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 60

}, abstract = {

The practice of viticulture--from planting vines to drinking wine--in Israelite culture is the focus of Walsh{\textquoteright}s investigation. Viticulture, no less than drinking, marked the social sphere of Israelite practitioners, and so its details were often enlisted to describe social relations in the Hebrew Bible. These features of everyday life offer important clues for the reconstruction of Israelite social history, the literary constructions of the oral transmitters, authors, and redactors and for thematic and theological meanings attached to biblical representations of the vine and wine imagery.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38277}, author = {Carey Ellen Walsh} } @book {364721, title = {Adam in Myth and History: Ancient Israelite Perspectives on the Primal Human}, year = {2000}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 48

}, abstract = {

The first full-length treatment of the biblical "primal human" traditions in their ancient Israelite setting, this book provides historical-critical analyses of the relevant biblical traditions, sensitive both to the present literary context of the traditions and to their roots in the ancient Near East. The study focuses on Genesis 1-3, Ezekiel 28:1-10 and 11-19, Job 15:7-16, and Proverbs 8:22-31, to reveal the ways various tradents used these intermediary divine-human figures and to examine the underlying social significance shared by such traditions in the cultural milieu of ancient Israel.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38276}, author = {D. E. Callender, Jr.} } @book {364716, title = {Akkadian Loanwords in Biblical Hebrew}, year = {2000}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 47

}, abstract = {

Akkadian Loanwords in Biblical Hebrew\ is an in-depth examination of Hebrew words that are of Akkadian origin or transmitted via Akkadian into the Hebrew lexicon. The first book-length treatment of the subject to appear in 90 years, this study provides a detailed treatment in dictionary form of the most plausible borrowings, including so-called semantic loans or loan-adaptations. A comprehensive analysis of Hebrew phonetic imitation of Akkadian words, with special attention to the influence of the Assyrian and Babylonian dialects, yields some new information on the phonology of the donor language during the loan period. This book will be of interest to Hebraists, Assyriologists, lexicographers, and students of Semitic philology.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38267}, author = {P. V. Mankowski} } @book {365781, title = {"Each Man Cried Out to His God": The Specialized Religion of Canaanite and Phoenician Seafarers}, year = {1999}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 58

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38220}, author = {Aaron J. Brody} } @book {365786, title = {The Neo-Babylonian Empire and Babylon in the Latter Prophets}, year = {1999}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 59

}, abstract = {

This present study seeks to clarify the character and functions of the Neo-Babylonian empire in its relationship to subjugated populations, and in particular to the population of Judah. Vanderhooft investigates Babylonian imperialism from two complementary perspectives: from native sources, which project the Babylonian imperial self-portrait, and from the writings of the biblical prophets, which provide a portrait from the perspective of a subjugated population.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38225}, author = {David S. Vanderhooft} } @book {365776, title = {Exodus Retold: Ancient Exegesis of the Departure from Egypt in Wis 10:15-21 and 19:1-9}, year = {1997}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 57

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38224}, author = {Peter Enns} } @book {365771, title = {Illness and Health Care in the Ancient Near East: The Role of the Temple in Greece, Mesopotamia, and Israel}, year = {1995}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 54

}, abstract = {

Using the focal points of temples and their roles in the diagnoses of illnesses and subsequent provision of health care, Hector Avalos breaks new ground in this unique and insightful study on medical care in the ancient world.

}, author = {Hector Avalos} } @book {365536, title = {Two Nations under God: The Deuteronomistic History of Solomon and the Dual Monarchies, Volume 2: The Reign of Jeroboam, the Fall of Israel, and the Reign of Josiah}, year = {1994}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 53

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38266}, author = {Gary N. Knoppers} } @book {365526, title = {

The Lucianic Manuscripts of I Reigns, Volume 2: Analysis

}, year = {1993}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 51

}, url = {http://www.eisenbrauns.com/item/TAY2LUCI}, author = {Bernard Taylor} } @book {365531, title = {Two Nations Under God: The Deuteronomistic History of Solomon and the Dual Monarchies, Volume 1:The Reign of Solomon and the Rise of Jeroboam}, year = {1993}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 52

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38265}, author = {Gary N. Knoppers} } @book {363636, title = {The Development of the Arabic Scripts: From the Nabatean Era to the First Islamic Century}, year = {1993}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 43

}, abstract = {

In this volume, Beatrice Gruendler addresses a perplexing problem -- the development of Arabic script from its ancestor alphabet, Nabatean. Her work sorts through texts, inscriptions, and papyri to piece together the evolutionary trail of the Arabic alphabet. Profusely illustrated with line drawings and charts, this study will remain a sourcebook for researching the history of Arabic.

}, author = {Beatrice Gruendler} } @book {364686, title = {The Archaeology of Israelite Samaria, Volume 1: Early Iron Age through the Ninth Century B.C.E.}, year = {1992}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 44

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38263}, author = {Ron E. Tappy} } @book {365141, title = {The Law of the Temple in Ezekiel 40-48}, year = {1992}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 49

}, abstract = {

"In the closing chapters of Ezekiel, a great Temple is described, one reminiscent of Solomon{\textquoteright}s but in fact like none ever built. From that Temple, a river flows through the land, with healing in its wake; within the Temple dwells the divine Glory, depicted here alone in Ezekiel as coming to rest, never again to be removed. All of these features of Ezekiel{\textquoteright}s grand vision are embedded in the core of Jewish and Christian devotional and mystical practice. Yet no less intriguing for the exegete is the legislation promulgated in this elaborate vision report. Here is found the only body of law in the Hebrew Scriptures not placed in the mouth of Moses. Laws regarding sacrifices and festivals, the conduct of the prince, the nature of the priesthood, and the division of the land all center upon the Temple, which is the one common reference for this rich, multifaceted material." From Chapter 1: The Unity and Theme of the Temple Vision.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38261}, author = {Steven S. Tuell} } @book {365146, title = {The Lucianic Manuscripts of I Reigns, Volume 1: Majority Text}, year = {1992}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 50

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38264}, author = {Bernard A. Taylor} } @book {365121, title = {Under Every Green Tree: Popular Religion in Sixth-Century Judah}, year = {1992}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 46

}, abstract = {

"By focusing on the forms of religious expression which the sixth-century prophets condemn, we can begin to apprehend the diversity which characterized exilic religion. Moreover, by recognizing the polemical nature of the prophetic critiques and by resolving to read these critiques without prophetic prejudice and instead with a non-judgmental eye, we can place ourselves in a position to re-evaluate the traditional descriptions of the sixth-century cult. Our task, then, is to read anew; our aim is to judge afresh. With this goal in mind, we turn our attention to the major prophetic texts which will comprise our study: Jeremiah 7 and 44, Ezekiel 8, Isaiah 57, and Isaiah 65." - From the Introduction

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38291}, author = {Susan Ackerman} } @book {363631, title = {The Installation of Baal{\textquoteright}s High Priestess at Emar: A Window on Ancient Syrian Religion}, year = {1992}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 42

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38262}, author = {Daniel E. Fleming} } @book {365136, title = {The Studies in the Chronology of the Divided Monarchy of Israel}, year = {1991}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 48

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38256}, author = {William H. Barnes} } @book {363601, title = {Amurru Akkadian, volume 1: A Linguistic Study}, year = {1991}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 40

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38259}, author = {Shlomo Izre{\textquoteright}el} } @book {363611, title = {Amurru Akkadian, volume 2: A Linguistic Study}, year = {1991}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 41

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38260}, author = {Shlomo Izre{\textquoteright}el} } @book {362836, title = {A Grammar of the Palestinian Targum Fragments from the Cairo Genizah}, year = {1991}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 38

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38258}, author = {Steven E. Fassberg} } @book {363596, title = {The Origins and Development of the Waw-Consecutive: Northwest Semitic Evidence from Ugarit to Qumran}, year = {1991}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 39

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38308}, author = {Mark S. Smith} } @book {365126, title = {Archaic Features of Canaanite Personal Names in the Hebrew Bible}, year = {1990}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 47

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38255}, author = {Scott C. Layton} } @book {365111, title = {Myth, Drama, and the Politics of David{\textquoteright}s Dance}, year = {1990}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 44

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38251}, author = {Choon L. Seow} } @book {362816, title = {Lingering over Words}, year = {1990}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 37

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38254}, editor = {Tzvi Abusch and John Huehnergard and P. Steinkeller} } @book {362811, title = {Studies in Neo-Aramaic}, year = {1990}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 36

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38252}, editor = {Wolfhart Heinrichs} } @book {365116, title = {The Messenger in the Ancient Semitic World}, year = {1989}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 45

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38248}, author = {Samuel A. Meier} } @book {362791, title = {

The Akkadian of Ugarit

}, year = {1989}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 34

}, url = {http://www.eisenbrauns.com/item/HUEAKKADI}, author = {John Huehnergard} } @book {362806, title = {Features of the Eschatology of IV Ezra}, year = {1989}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 35

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38250}, author = {Michael E. Stone} } @book {362786, title = {Scholarship of William Foxwell Albright}, year = {1989}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 33

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38249}, author = {Gus W. Van Beek} } @book {365106, title = {An Adversary in Heaven: "satan" in the Hebrew Bible}, year = {1988}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 43

}, abstract = {

This study focuses on the four passages in the Hebrew Bible (Numbers 22:22-35, Zechariah 3:1-7, Job 1-2, and 1 Chronicles 21:1-22:1) which use the noun "satan" to refer to a heavenly being. Dr. Day analyzes the etymology and meaning of the noun in detail and then proceeds to examine its specific usage in these passages.

}, author = {Peggy L. Day} } @book {365101, title = {The Epic of the Patriarch: The Jacob Cycle and the Narrative Traditions of Canaan and Israel}, year = {1988}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 42

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38247}, author = {Ronald S. Hendel} } @book {365096, title = {Water in the Wilderness: A Biblical Motif and Its Mythological Background}, year = {1987}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 40

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38246}, author = {William H. Propp} } @book {362776, title = {You Shall Have No Other Gods: Israelite Religion in the Light of Hebrew Inscriptions}, year = {1987}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 31

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38182}, author = {Jeffrey H. Tigay} } @article {365081, title = {{\textquoteright}Aserah: Extrabiblical Evidence}, year = {1986}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 37

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38244}, author = {Walter A. Maier} } @book {365091, title = {The God of My Victory: The Ancient Hymn in Habakkuk 3}, year = {1986}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 38

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38245}, author = {Theodore Hiebert} } @book {362751, title = {The Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls}, year = {1986}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 29

}, abstract = {

In 1986, Elisha Qimron published the first comprehensive study of the Hebrew language of the scrolls from Qumran, examining the orthography, phonology, morphology, syntax, and vocabulary of the language. The study also includes a subject and word index. Even now, over twenty years later, his work remains the standard reference on the subject. Recognizing the need to keep it available, this paperback reprint has now been\ issued\ by the Harvard Semitic Museum/Eisenbrauns.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38306}, author = {Elisha Qimron} } @book {362741, title = {Non-Canonical Psalms from Qumran: A Pseudepigraphic Collection}, year = {1986}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 28

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38242}, author = {Eileen M. Schuller} } @book {362771, title = {

An Exodus Scroll from Qumran: 4Qpaleo Exodm and the Samaritan Tradition

}, year = {1986}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 30

}, url = {http://www.eisenbrauns.com/item/SANEXODUS}, author = {Judith E. Sanderson} } @book {365066, title = {

The Chronicler{\textquoteright}s Use of the Deuteronomistic History

}, year = {1985}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 33

}, abstract = {

This volume, now reprinted in paperback, was the first of McKenzie{\textquoteright}s publications on the work of the biblical Chronicler. Twenty years later, McKenzie has added many more articles and a number of books to the corpus of his work on the topic, and he has come to be known as one of the leading figures in Chronicles studies. But the original volume retains its value, due to the careful study that McKenzie made of the relationship between the Chronicler{\textquoteright}s historical approach, methodology, and use of materials and the information found in the Deuteronomistic History. The detailed, text-by-text comparison of key passages and the conclusions that McKenzie draws thus remain important for all who continue to work on the history and historical writings of the exilic and postexilic periods of Israel{\textquoteright}s history.

}, url = {http://www.eisenbrauns.com/item/MCKCHRONI}, author = {Steven L. McKenzie} } @book {365076, title = {The Formcritical Study of Selected "Odes of Solomon"}, year = {1985}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 36

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38229}, author = {Gerald R. Blaszczak} } @book {365071, title = {The Grammar of the Targum Neofiti}, year = {1985}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 34

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38228}, author = {David M. Golomb} } @book {362736, title = {The Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice: Edition, Translation, and Commentary}, year = {1985}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 27

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38241}, author = {Carol A. Newsom} } @book {365061, title = {

The Symbolic Vision in Biblical Tradition

}, year = {1983}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 30

}, abstract = {

Using the developmental history-of-traditions approach, Susan Niditch leads the reader to a new understanding of the interrelationships between twelve symbolic visions found in the Old Testament: Amos 7:7-9, 8:1-3, Jeremiah 1:11-12, 1:13-19, Jeremiah 24, Zechariah 1:7-17, 2:1-4, 2:5-9, 4:1-6a, 4:10b-14, 5:1-4, 5:5-11, 6:1-8, Daniel 7 and 8. Four visions from 2 Baruch and 4 Ezra are also studied briefly.

}, url = {http://www.eisenbrauns.com/item/NIDSYMBOL}, author = {Susan Niditch} } @book {365056, title = {The Sheep of His Pasture: A Study of the Hebrew Noun "{\textquoteright}Am(m)" and Its Semitic Cognates}, year = {1983}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 29

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38227}, author = {Robert M. Good} } @book {365051, title = {Textual Studies in the Book of Joshua}, year = {1983}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 28

}, author = {Leonard J. Greenspoon} } @book {362721, title = {Dictionary of Old South Arabic: Sabaean Dialect}, year = {1982}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 25

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38298}, author = {J. C. Biella} } @book {362701, title = {Syriac Manuscripts: A Catalogue}, year = {1979}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 23

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38226}, author = {Moshe Goshen-Gottstein} } @book {365046, title = {

The Qumran Text of Samuel and Josephus

}, year = {1978}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM 19

}, url = {http://www.eisenbrauns.com/item/ULRQUMRAN}, author = {Eugene C. Ulrich} } @book {362716, title = {Introduction to Classical Ethiopic (Ge{\textquoteright}ez)}, year = {1978}, note = {

Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS 24

}, abstract = {

his text is designed to provide a detailed but carefully graded introduction to the grammar and basic vocabulary of classical Ethiopic. The material covered in this introduction will instruct the beginning Ethiopicist and fine tune the dedicated Semitist into the details of this important cognate language.

}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/title/38183}, author = {Thomas O. Lambdin} }